Revised Literature Review

In consideration of the question “Will traditional 2D cel animation techniques remain in the world of 3D CGI” Mitchell ( 2002 ) outlines that “as well as competing, CGI has also been used with cel animation in a co-operative manner”. He continues “films produced using this approach are sometimes called 2D/3D hybrids”. The 2D element is embedded in traditional cel animation techniques where the 3D CGI aspect is computer generated to provide background or crowd scene imagery. This collaborative approach had won favour with audiences at one time, who viewed this style of animation as more realistic and believable especially with regard to animated human characters. However, as increased computing power and Mitchell ( 2002 ) “software innovations have made it possible to generate and animate complex, photo-realistic scenes” 3D CGI has taken the lead.
Mitchell (2002) “there has been a series of very successful 3D cartoons generated completely by computers, starting with Toy Story in 1995”. Indeed, Disney abandoned its traditional 2D cel animation in favour of CGI when Mitchell (2002) “ Disney themselves submitted Monsters Inc., a CGI cartoon produced by their partner Pixar, rather than their own traditional cartoon, Atlantis: The Lost Empire”.
Monsters Inc's success was Beck (2004) “largely a result of the level of realistic human emotion portrayed by the characters”. This was achieved by Pixar scientists developing a software tool called Fizt(physics tool) which allowed for Beck(2004) “realistic facial expressions and body language”. The Fizt software tool enabled the 'Sulley' character's 2,320,413 computer-animated hairs to be created and controlled, something which would not be achieved using traditionally drawn 2D cel animation techniques.